Category: Linux Command

Convert the ISO to UDRW format

Mac OS X provides all the tools needed to convert the ISO image to UDRW. The following command will convert the ISO image to the UDRW format.

hdiutil convert -format UDRW -o destination_file.img source_file.iso

You will notice that the destination_file.img from the command will create the file destination_file.img.dmg really. This is because the hdiutil program automatically adds the dmg file extension. This is not a problem as the file extension won’t affect the format of the image.

Prepare the USB stick

Check your USB stick and make a backup if there is any important data on it, as the next steps are going to delete everything on it.

To prepare the USb stick we are going to delete all the partitions on the stick and create an empty partition. To do this we need to know the device name of the USB stick. Open a terminal and execute the following command:

$ diskutil list

You will see a list of disks and partitions. The goal is to identify the USB stick in this output. Depending on your system configuration your output might look different from this one. This appears to show 3 physical discs but it does not. The /dev/disk1 is a virtual disk created because of the partition encryption (FileVault 2) I enabled in Mac OS X.

/dev/disk0
#:                       TYPE NAME                    SIZE       IDENTIFIER
0:      GUID_partition_scheme                        *500.1 GB   disk0
1:                        EFI                         209.7 MB   disk0s1
2:          Apple_CoreStorage                         399.5 GB   disk0s2
3:                 Apple_Boot Recovery HD             650.0 MB   disk0s3
5:                 Apple_Boot Boot OS X               134.2 MB   disk0s5
/dev/disk1
#:                       TYPE NAME                    SIZE       IDENTIFIER
0:                  Apple_HFS MacOSX                 *399.2 GB   disk1
/dev/disk2
#:                       TYPE NAME                    SIZE       IDENTIFIER
0:      GUID_partition_scheme                        *2.0 GB     disk2
1:       Microsoft Basic Data UNTITLED 1              2.0 GB     disk2s1

As shown in the output above, the connected USB stick is a small 2.0 GB drive with a FAT partition on it. We are now going to remove this partition in the next step. For the following steps we will need the name of the disk which in this case is “/dev/disk2”.

With the following command the data on the disk (your USB stick) will be deleted!

$ diskutil partitionDisk /dev/disk2 1 "Free Space" "unused" "100%"

With this command the USB stick was re-partitioned to have 1 partition without formatting and 100% of the size of the stick. If you check it again with “diskutil list” you will see the changes already, also the USB stick will no longer be shown in the Finder.

Copy the image to the USB stick

Now we can copy the disk image we created to the USB stick. This is done via the dd(1)command. This command will copy the image to the disk (substitute the appropriate disk name for your USB stick here, as with the re-partitioning command):

$ sudo dd if=destination_file.img.dmg of=/dev/disk2 bs=1m

The dd command does not show any output before it has finished the copy process, so be patient and wait for it to complete.

$ diskutil eject /dev/disk2

To eject the USB stick, use the above command. After this is done, the bootable USB stick is ready to be used.

Original link

Usefull link 

You need to backup /var/vmail, /var/www (or the place where you stored the websites), the ispconfig database, all mysql databases of the websites incl. the “mysql” database, the users and passwords in /etc/passwd and /etc/group. Make sure that you backup the directories with preserved permoissions.

We must backup:
c. /var/www (web content)
b. /var/vmail (mail content)
a. /etc/passwd and /etc/group (users)
d. MySQL databases (is it better to stop mysql and tar.gz the /var/lib/mysql?)
e. All /etc/
f. /var/log

MY migration script

#!/bin/bash

#database root password
export username=
export password=
NOW=$(date +”%d-%m-%Y”)

ssh root@IP_OLD rm -rf /root/BACKUP_SERVER/vmail.tar.gz
ssh root@IP_OLD tar -zcvf /root/BACKUP_SERVER/vmail.tar.gz /var/vmail
scp root@IP_OLD:/root/BACKUP_SERVER/vmail.tar.gz ./BACKUP_SERVER/
cd ./BACKUP_SERVER
tar -zxvf vmail.tar.gz
cd ..
rm -rf /var/vmail
mv ./BACKUP_SERVER/var/vmail /var/

ssh root@IP_OLD rm -rf /root/BACKUP_SERVER/www.tar.gz
ssh root@IP_OLD tar -zcvf /root/BACKUP_SERVER/www.tar.gz /var/www
scp root@IP_OLD:/root/BACKUP_SERVER/www.tar.gz ./BACKUP_SERVER/
cd ./BACKUP_SERVER
tar -zxvf www.tar.gz
cd ..
rm -rf /var/www
mv ./BACKUP_SERVER/var/www /var/

ssh root@IP_OLD rm -rf /root/BACKUP_SERVER/log.tar.gz
ssh root@IP_OLD tar -zcvf /root/BACKUP_SERVER/log.tar.gz /var/log
scp root@IP_OLD:/root/BACKUP_SERVER/log.tar.gz ./BACKUP_SERVER/
cd ./BACKUP_SERVER
tar -zxvf log.tar.gz
cd ..
rm -rf /var/log
mv ./BACKUP_SERVER/var/log /var/

ssh root@IP_OLD rm -rf /root/BACKUP_SERVER/opt.tar.gz
ssh root@IP_OLD tar -zcvf /root/BACKUP_SERVER/opt.tar.gz /var/opt
scp root@IP_OLD:/root/BACKUP_SERVER/opt.tar.gz ./BACKUP_SERVER/
cd ./BACKUP_SERVER
tar -zxvf opt.tar.gz
cd ..
rm -rf /var/opt
mv ./BACKUP_SERVER/var/opt /var/

NOW=”03-12-2017″
export NOW

array=(mydb1 mydb2)
for DATABASE in “${array[@]}”
do

export DATABASE

echo “BACKUP MYSQL OF $DATABASE for $NOW”

echo “COPY FILE”
scp root@IP_OLD:/root/BACKUP_SQL/$DATABASE$NOW.sql ./BACKUP_SQL/

echo “DROP DB $DATABASE”
mysql -u $username -p”$password” -e “DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS $DATABASE”

echo “CREATE DB $DATABASE”
mysql -u $username -p”$password” -e “CREATE DATABASE $DATABASE”

echo “RESTORE”
mysql -u $username -p”$password” $DATABASE < ./BACKUP_SQL/$DATABASE$NOW.sql

echo “FINE”
done

export password=”

export PGPASSWORD=”

array=( pgdb1 pgdb2 )

for DATABASE in “${array[@]}”
do

export DATABASE

echo “BACKUP POSTGRES OF $DATABASE for $NOW”

echo “COPY FILE”

scp root@IP_OLD:/root/BACKUP_SQL/$DATABASE$NOW.backup ./BACKUP_SQL/

dropdb –host 127.0.0.1 –port 5432 –username “postgres” –no-password $DATABASE

createdb –host 127.0.0.1 –port 5432 –username “postgres” –no-password $DATABASE

pg_restore –host 127.0.0.1 -U postgres -d $DATABASE –verbose ./BACKUP_SQL/$DATABASE$NOW.backup
done

ssh-keygen creates the public and private keys. ssh-copy-id copies the local-host’s public key to the remote-host’s authorized_keys file. ssh-copy-id also assigns proper permission to the remote-host’s home, ~/.ssh, and ~/.ssh/authorized_keys.

Step 1: Create public and private keys using ssh-key-gen on local-host

jsmith@local-host$ [Note: You are on local-host here]

jsmith@local-host$ ssh-keygen
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/home/jsmith/.ssh/id_rsa):[Enter key]
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): [Press enter key]
Enter same passphrase again: [Pess enter key]
Your identification has been saved in /home/jsmith/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /home/jsmith/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
33:b3:fe:af:95:95:18:11:31:d5:de:96:2f:f2:35:f9 jsmith@local-host

Step 2: Copy the public key to remote-host using ssh-copy-id

jsmith@local-host$ ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub remote-host
jsmith@remote-host's password:
Now try logging into the machine, with "ssh 'remote-host'", and check in:

.ssh/authorized_keys

to make sure we haven't added extra keys that you weren't expecting.

Note: ssh-copy-id appends the keys to the remote-host’s .ssh/authorized_key.

Step 3: Login to remote-host without entering the password

jsmith@local-host$ ssh remote-host
Last login: Sun Nov 16 17:22:33 2008 from 192.168.1.2
[Note: SSH did not ask for password.]

jsmith@remote-host$ [Note: You are on remote-host here]

The above 3 simple steps should get the job done in most cases.

Create a script like :

[Unit]

 

Description = FaradCrmService

 

After = network.target

 

[Service]

 

ExecStart = /var/opt/jdk1.8.0_91/bin/java -jar /root/software/fia/farad-1.5.4.RELEASE.jar

 

[Install]

 

WantedBy = multi-user.target

 

Put the script into -> /usr/lib/systemd/system/farad.service

or in /etc/systemd/system/ (change the symbolic link)

create a symbolic link like this : ln -s /usr/lib/systemd/system/farad.service /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/farad.service

enable the service : systemctl enable farad.service

start the service : service farad start

if modify the script, reload it with : systemctl daemon-reload

check it status : systemctl status farad.service

This’s very likely that Apache leaving a bunch of stray semaphore sets
lying around after an attempted restart of apache.

you can use the following commands to check:
#ipcs -s | grep apache

and use the following to kill:
ipcs -s | grep apache | awk ‘ { print $2 } ‘ | xargs -n 1 ipcrm -s

use the username you starts apache (e.g., specified by “User” directive)
instead of ‘apache’ in the commands.

Device: AH01760: failed to create lock (client_lock) – all nonce-count che
cking, one-time nonces, and MD5-sess algorithm disabled

Now, in almost all cases, Apache should start properly. If it doesn’t, you may just be completely out of available semaphores. You may want to increase your available semaphores, and you’ll need to tickle your kernel to do so. Add this to /etc/sysctl.conf:

1 2	kernel.msgmni = 1024 kernel.sem = 250 256000 32 1024

And then run sysctl -p to pick up the new changes.